Ecotoxicological assessment of Juncus trifidus in the Dolina Bielej vody Valley, High Tatras

Abstract

This work focuses on detection of toxic elements in Juncus trifidus. The research took place in the Dolina Bielej vody Valley, in the eastern part of the High Tatras. Sampling was carried out in July, August and September. During collection the plant was divided into four parts, each to be analysed separately: the upper green part (leaves, blade, flower or spike); sheath (part of plant at the ground level); roots; and soil. Collected and dried samples were then processed and analysed in the laboratory. The samples were ground in a hand mill and then put into the roentgen which identified specific toxic elements in particular parts of the plant. This research was partially related to that on the snow vole (Chionomys nivalis). If toxic elements are detected in the snow vole, it is probable that this toxicity is caused in part by its diet, including Juncus trifdus. We observed important differences between processes of accumulation of individual elements in plant tissues. Calcium levels were highest in the green parts of plants in their germinative tissue (likely due to production of seeds). Similarly, zinc and manganese were found in the samples, as calcium, manganese and zinc are biogenic elements. We found variation in the amount of lead in soil versus in the green parts of the plant. This shows that Juncus trifidus doesn’t accumulate this element in the tissues in high amounts.