Distribution and ecology of the Dryopteris species in the Polish Tatra Mountains

Abstract

The distribution, vertical ranges arid ecological requirements of six Dryopteris species occurring in the Tatra National Park are described in this paper and presented on maps and diagrams. Of the species studied, Dryopteris filix-mas and D.expansa appear to be the most common species extending up to the alpine belt. D.carthusiana also occurs frequently, although generally it does not extend beyond the timberline. D.dilatata and D.affinis are much rarer. The remaining species, D. villarii, was recorded from one locality. All six species occur on various slopes ranging from flat areas to steep mountain slopes with a wide range of aspects. Soils on which these species grow were usually moist or very moist, rich in organic matter. The Dryopteris species studied encounter on various types of soils which are derived both from sedimentary alkaline rocks and from acid rocks. The mentioned species generally show a wide ecological amplitude so far as soil acidity is concerned. They occur on soils with a wide range of magnesium content and medium or low potassium content. These soils are poor in available phosphorus. Some differences in habitat requirements of the six Dryopteris species are discussed in paper and presented graphically.